Summary Rain gauges in weather stations use a tipping bucket (or tipping spoon) mechanism. Challenge students to make their own tipping bucket for a marble. Science content Physics: Simple and complex Machines (5) Earth/Space: Weather, Seasons, Climate Change (K, 1, 4, 7) Earth/Space: Water cycle, Water conservation (2) Science competencies (+ questioning + manipulation + others that are in every activity) Questioning/predicting: predicting (1 up), hypothesizing (7) Planning/conducting: planning investigations (3 up) Processing/analyzing: comparing observations with predictions (1 up) Processing/analyzing: considering alternative explanations (5 up) Evaluating: inferring (3 up) Lessons activity is in Weather - measuring weather Materials optional: water bottle rain gauge for showing optional: tipping spoon part of weather station with water to demonstrate Per small group: plastic spoon skewer, cut into 3 piece of straw, 2cm, that skewer fits snugly into masking tape, small strip popsicle sticks, 2 cup (coffee or pastic) marble for teacher: wire [skewer/pop stick] cutters Procedure Your classic rain gauge that you might have made from a water bottle is very simple, but fills up. A tipping bucket rain gauge uses electronics to count the number of times a bucket fills and empties, so can be left to run for long periods. A funnel above the tipping bucket directs rainfall into it. The volume of water in the bucket is known, so if you can count the number of times it tips, you can calculate the amount of water. See a gif of a tipping bucket rain gauge here: https://www.yoctopuce.com/EN/article/how-to-build-an-usb-pluviometer Students design their own tipping bucket mechanism with household materials, and use a marble dropped into the bucket to make it work. Start like this: insert skewer in straw piece, tape onto spoon at the balance point, making sure it can rotate freely. Secure to cup with clay. It’s like a see saw. We have the rotation part. This pivot is one design element of a tipping bucket. You are going to design the rest. You will be using a marble instead of water. It needs to start horizontally, tip down when the marble falls in the spoon to dump the marble out, then returns quickly to the horizontal position. (Demonstrate the steps.) What other design elements will it need? Write up any that they come up with e.g. weight, stop - but do not add more than they can think of as they will discover more as they work. Students can break the materials apart if they need, and take more of anything. Once the students have made their designs, ask what other design elements are needed. Complete the list of design elements: pivot, weighted lever, stops to limit movement. The tipping bucket rain gauge in a weather station is finely weighted, balanced and housed so that it works as your models do. It uses a magnet to hold the bucket until it is heavy enough to tip. A circuit detects when the bucket tips, and counts the number of times, to calculate total rainfall over time. Grades taught Gr 4 Gr 5 Gr 6 Gr 7
